Mould isn’t just unsightly — it’s a silent health threat that could be growing right under your nose.

Whether it’s black spots in the bathroom, a musty smell in the kitchen, or damp patches on your walls, household mould is a warning sign that should never be ignored.

In this blog, we explore what mould is, how it affects your health, who’s most at risk, and what you can do to prevent it.

What Is Mould?

Mould is a type of fungus that thrives in moist, humid environments. It reproduces via microscopic spores that float through the air and settle on damp surfaces. Common household mould types include:

• Aspergillus – often found in dust and air conditioning systems

• Cladosporium – grows on fabrics and wood surfaces

• Stachybotrys chartarum (black mould) – thrives on materials with high cellulose content like drywall and wallpaper

How Does Mould Affect Your Health?

Respiratory Issues

Breathing in mould spores can cause or worsen respiratory problems. Symptoms include:

• Persistent coughing

• Wheezing

• Shortness of breath

• Sinus congestion

People with asthma or COPD may experience more frequent flare-ups or severe symptoms when exposed to mould.

Allergic Reactions

Mould is a common trigger for allergies. Reactions can include:

• Sneezing

• Runny nose

• Itchy or watery eyes

• Skin rashes

Even those without prior history of allergies can become sensitised over time.

Weakened Immune Systems

Individuals with weakened immune systems, such as the elderly, babies, cancer patients, or people on immunosuppressants, are particularly vulnerable. Exposure can lead to fungal infections, especially in the lungs.

Neurological Symptoms

Some research links prolonged exposure to toxic black mould with more severe symptoms like:

• Memory loss

• Fatigue

• Headaches

• Mood swings

While these symptoms are rare, they highlight the potential long-term dangers of untreated mould problems.

Who Is Most at Risk?

While mould can affect anyone, the following groups are especially at risk:

• Babies and young children

• Elderly individuals

• People with asthma, allergies, or lung conditions

• Those with weakened immune systems

For these individuals, even a small amount of mould can lead to serious health complications.

How to Spot the Signs of Mould

Early detection is key. Common signs include:

• Musty, earthy odours

• Discoloured patches on walls or ceilings

• Peeling wallpaper or bubbling paint

• Visible black, green, or white growths in damp areas

What Can You Do About Mould?

Reduce Humidity

Keep indoor humidity below 60% using:

• Dehumidifiers

• Proper ventilation (especially in kitchens and bathrooms)

• Extractor fans

Fix Leaks Promptly

Whether it’s a dripping tap or a leaky roof, moisture invites mould. Fixing leaks quickly stops the spread at its source.

Clean Regularly

Use mould-killing cleaners or diluted bleach (1 part bleach to 10 parts water). Wear gloves and a mask when dealing with mould.

Call a Professional

If mould covers an area larger than 1m², or keeps returning, you may need a professional mould survey or moisture mapping service to identify and treat the root cause.

Mould in your home isn’t just a cosmetic issue — it’s a serious health hazard. By understanding the risks and taking proactive steps, you can protect your family, your property, and your well-being.